What is dysphonia?
Dysphonia, also known as hoarseness, is a very common disorder affecting the voice. It occurs when sounds cannot be produced normally due to problems with the structures involved in voice production.
The vocal cords (voice box) play the central role, but other parts of the body – including the lungs, trachea (windpipe) and mouth – also contribute to how the voice is shaped.
There are many possible causes, ranging from simple infections such as viral laryngitis through to more serious conditions including cancer. Ongoing or persistent hoarseness should always be assessed by a specialist to determine the underlying cause.
What are common causes?
Viral laryngitis
Inflammation of the voice box caused by an upper respiratory tract infection (such as a cold).
Muscle tension dysphonia
Occurs when the muscles around the voice box are overused or used incorrectly, rather than relying on the vocal cords themselves.
Vocal nodules (singer’s nodules)
These are small areas of thickening on the vocal cords caused by strain or overuse. They are commonly seen in singers and those who regularly use their voice heavily, such as coaches or teachers.
Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)
Reflux can affect more than just the oesophagus. Stomach acid can reach the throat and voice box, causing irritation and swelling of the vocal cords; it can also impact healing after surgery.
Laryngeal cancer
Laryngeal cancer, or cancer of the voice box, most often occurs in people over the age of 40 with a history of smoking, although it can occasionally develop in non-smokers. When detected early, outcomes are generally very good.
Dr Phillips is experienced in the assessment and management of voice disorders. Any ongoing or concerning change in voice should be discussed with a general practitioner for further evaluation.